Spinal cord injuries affect between four and five million Americans per year, 
and about 400,000 people are living with the effects of spinal cord injury right 
now. While spinal cord injuries are more prevalent among males between the ages 
of 16 and 30, when all is said and done spinal cord injuries affect people from 
all walks of life, of all ages. Women, children, and the elderly—in addition to 
young men—are affected by spinal cord injury.
There are two types of spinal cord injuries. Complete spinal cord injuries 
refer to the types of injuries that result in complete loss of function below 
the level of the injury, while incomplete spinal cord injuries are those that 
result in some sensation and feeling below the point of injury. The level and 
degree of function in incomplete injuries is highly individual, and is dependent 
upon the way in which the spinal cord has been damaged.
Complete Spinal Cord Injuries
Complete spinal cord injuries result in complete paraplegia or complete 
tetraplegia.
Complete paraplegia is described as permanent loss of motor and nerve 
function at T1 level or below, resulting in loss of sensation and movement in 
the legs, bowel, bladder, and sexual region. Arms and hands retain normal 
function.
Some people with complete paraplegia have partial trunk movement, allowing 
them to stand or walk short distances with assistive equipment. In the majority 
of cases, complete paraplegics choose to get around via a self-propelled 
wheelchair.
Complete tetraplegia is characterized by the loss of hand and arm movement as 
well. Some tetraplegics require ventilator systems in order to breathe. 
Depending upon the location of the injury, some tetraplegics may have some arm 
and hand movement present.
 
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